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Posted by Aleyda
[Estimated read time: 9 minutes]
I know you would never change a URL without identifying where to 301-redirect it and making sure that the links, XML sitemaps, and/or canonical tags are also updated. But if you've been doing SEO for a while, I bet you've also had a few clients — even big ones — coming to you after they've tried to do structural web changes or migrations of any type without taking SEO best practices into consideration.
Whenever this happens, your new client comes to you for help in an "emergency" type of situation in which there are two characteristics when doing the required SEO analysis:
Let's go through the steps for a "minimum viable" web migration validation to identify the critical issues to fix:
To start, it's key to:
To identify this, compare the before and after with other traffic sources, per device & the migrated areas of your site (if not all of them changed), etc.
Use the "Why My Web Traffic Dropped" checklist to quickly verify that the loss has nothing to do with, for example, incorrect Google Analytics settings after the migration or a Google update happening at the same time.
I've had situations where the organic search traffic loss had coincided not only with the web migration but also with the date of a Phantom update (and they had the type of characteristics that were targeted).
If this is the case, you can't expect to regain all the traffic after fixing the migration-related issues. There will be further analysis and implementations needed to fix the other causes of traffic loss.
Once you verify that the traffic loss is due (completely or partially) to the web migration, then the next step is to focus your efforts on analyzing and identifying the issues in those areas that were hit the most from a traffic, conversions, & rankings perspective. You can do this by comparing organic search traffic per page before and after the migration in Google Analytics:
Select those that previously had the highest levels of traffic & conversions and that lost the highest percentages of traffic.
You can also do something similar with those pages with the highest impressions, clicks, & positions that have also had the greatest negative changes from the Google Search Console "Search Analytics" report:
After gathering this data, consolidate all of these pages (and related metrics) in an Excel spreadsheet. Here you'll have the most critical pages that have lost the most from the migration.
In most cases the issues will be technical (though sometimes they may be due to structural content issues). However, it's important to identify the keywords for which these pages had been ranking in the past that lost visibility post-migration, start tracking them, and be able to verify their improvement after the issues are fixed.
This can be done by gathering data from tools with historical keyword ranking features — like SEMrush, Sistrix, or SearchMetrics — that also show you which pages have lost rankings during a specific period of time.
This can be a bit time-consuming, so you can also use URLProfiler to discover those keywords that were ranking in the past. It easily connects with your Google Search Console "Search Analytics" data via API to obtain their queries from the last 3 months.
As a result, you'll have your keyword data and selected critical pages to assess in one spreadsheet:
Now you can start tracking these keywords with your favorite keyword monitoring tool. You can even track the entire SERPs for your keywords with a tool like SERPwoo.
Now you can crawl the list of pages you've identified using the "list mode" of an SEO crawler like Screaming Frog, then crawl your site with the "crawler mode," comparing the issues in the pages that lost traffic versus the new, currently linked ones.
You can also integrate your site crawl with Google Analytics to identify gaps (ScreamingFrog and Deepcrawl have this feature) and verify crawling, indexation, and even structural content-related issues that might have been caused by the migration. The following are some of the fundamentals that I recommend you take a look at, answering these questions:
Do these coincide with the pages that have lost traffic, rankings, & conversions? Have these pages been replaced? If so, why they haven't been 301-redirected towards their new versions? Do it.
Especially if the migration was from one version to the other (like HTTP to HTTPS), verify whether there are pages still being crawled with their HTTP version because links or XML sitemaps were not updated... then make sure to fix it.
Check whether the canonical tags of the migrated pages are still pointing to the old URLs, or if the canonical tags were changed and are suddenly pointing to non-relevant URLs (such as the home page, as in the example below). Make sure to update them to point to their relevant, original URL if this is the case.
If so, why? Unblock all pages that should be crawled, indexed, and ranking as well as they were before.
Once you ask these questions and update the configuration of your lost traffic pages as mentioned above, it's important to:
After resubmitting, start monitoring the search crawlers' behavior through your web logs (you can use the Screaming Frog Log Analyzer), as well as your pages' indexation, rankings, & traffic trends. You should start seeing a positive move after a few days:
Remember that if the migration required drastic changes (like if you've migrated over another domain, for example), it's natural to see a short-term rankings and traffic loss. This can be true even if it's now correctly implemented and the new domain has a higher authority. You should take this into consideration; however, if the change has improved the former optimization status, the mid- to long-term results should be positive.
As you can see above, you can recover from this type of situation if you make sure to prioritize and fix the issues with negative effects before moving on to change anything else that's not directly related. Once you've done this and see a positive trend, you can then begin a full SEO audit and process to improve what you've migrated, maximizing the optimization and results of the new web structure.
I hope this helps you have a quicker, easier web migration disaster recovery!
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